vaviloviaVAVILOVIAVAVILOVIA2658-38602658-3879VIR10.30901/2658-3860-2025-3-o2vavilovia-157Research ArticleГЕНЕТИКА ДЛЯ ФИЛОГЕНИИ, СИСТЕМАТИКИ И ВЫЯВЛЕНИЯ УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ РАСТЕНИЙGENETICS FOR PHYLOGENY, SYSTEMATICS AND PLANT RESISTANCE DETECTIONЭффективность молекулярно-генетических методов исследования гербарных и археоботанических образцовThe effectiveness of molecular genetic methods in the study of herbarium and archeobotanical specimenshttps://orcid.org/0009-0005-1309-2615БураковаА. В.BurakovaA. V.

Анна Владимировна Буракова, аспирант, младший научный сотрудник, ВИР

190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44

Anna V. Burakova, Graduate Student, Junior Researcher, VIR

42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000, Russia

a.burakova@vir.nw.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7275-3878СемилетТ. В.SemiletT V.

Татьяна Вячеславовна Семилет, научный сотрудник,  ВИР

190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44

Tatiana V. Semilet, Researcher, VIR

42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000, Russia

semilet_tatyana@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8103-2191КамневА. М.KamnevA. M.

Антон Михайлович Камнев, младший научный сотрудник,  ВИР

190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44

Anton M. Kamnev, Junior Researcher, VIR

42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000, Russia

antonkamen@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0006-0178-0805ЛапкасовМ. Е.LapkasovM. E.

Михаил Евгеньевич Лапкасов, аспирант, младший научный сотрудник, ВИР

190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44

Mikhail E. Lapkasov, Graduate Student, Junior Researcher, VIR

42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000, Russia

mikhail.lapkasov@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7590-3173ШипилинаЛ. Ю.ShipilinaL. Yu.

Лилия Юрьевна Шипилина, кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник,  ВИР

190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44

Liliya Yu. Shipilina, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Senior Researcher, VIR

42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000, Russia

l.shipilina@vir.nw.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3587-6064ЧухинаИ. Г.ChukhinaI. G.

Ирена Георгиевна Чухина, кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, ВИР

190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44

Irena G. Chukhina, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Leading Research Scientist, VIR

42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000, Russia

irena_wir@mail.ruФедеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. ВавиловаРоссияN.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic ResourcesRussian FederationФедеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. ВавиловаРоссияN.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic ResourcesRussian Federation202530122025833952Copyright © Буракова А.В., Семилет Т.В., Камнев А.М., Лапкасов М.Е., Шипилина Л.Ю., Чухина И.Г., 20252025Буракова А.В., Семилет Т.В., Камнев А.М., Лапкасов М.Е., Шипилина Л.Ю., Чухина И.Г.Burakova A.V., Semilet T.V., Kamnev A.M., Lapkasov M.E., Shipilina L.Y., Chukhina I.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilovia.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/157

В работе представлены результаты молекулярно-генетического анализа гербарных образцов из коллекции ВИР и археоботанических находок из раскопа житного двора Свято-Троицкой Сергиевой Лавры (XV век). Рассмотрены особенности работы с генетическим материалом, полученным из гербарных образцов и растительных остатков. Отмечается ряд сложностей при экстракции фрагментов ДНК. При проведении молекулярно-генетических исследований апробировано несколько протоколов выделения нуклеиновых кислот из гербарных и ископаемых образцов растений. Проведена амплификация с праймерами к участкам пластидных спейсеров psbK-psbI и trnL-trnF. У культур, хранящихся в гербарном фонде ВИР, выявлены продукты амплификации различных размеров. При сравнении результатов ПЦР выявлены идентичные по размеру продукты амплификации у засушенных растений и древних образцов ДНК одного вида. Таким образом, данное исследование свидетельствует о возможности проведения дальнейшей работы с древней ДНК из археоботанических образцов XV века.

This paper presents the results of molecular genetic analysis of herbarium specimens from the VIR Herbarium collection (WIR) and archaeobotanical finds from the excavation of the grain yard of the St. Sergius Trinity Lavra (15th century). The specifics of working with genetic material samples obtained from herbarium specimens and plant remains are considered. A number of difficulties in extracting DNA fragments are noted. Several protocols for nucleic acid extraction from herbarium and fossil plant samples have been tested and approved during the molecular genetic research. Amplification was performed with primers for the chloroplast spacer regions psbK-psbI and trnL-trnF. Amplification products of various sizes were detected in the crop plants preserved in the VIR herbarium. A comparison of the PCR results revealed amplification products of identical size in dried plants and ancient DNA samples of the same species. Therefore, this study demonstrates the feasibility of further work with ancient DNA from 15th-century archaeobotanical samples.

древняя ДНКспейсерыпластидный геномD-PlantsDiamondDNAancient DNAspacerschloroplast genomeD-PlantsDiamondDNAРабота выполнена в рамках темы НИР № FGEM-2024-0002 «Исследование растительных биоресурсов в пространственном и временном аспекте с применением современных цифровых и генетических технологий». Коллектив авторов выражает благодарность заместителю директора Института археологии РАН по науке, заведующей отдела сохранения археологического наследия, кандидату исторических наук Асе Викторовне Энговатовой за предоставленную возможность работать с интересным археоботаническим материалом.This work was carried out within the framework of the research project No. FGEM-2024-0002 “Study of plant bioresources in spatial and temporal aspects using modern digital and genetic technologies”. The team of authors expresses gratitude to Asya Viktorovna Engovatova, Cand. Sci. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.