Camelina (Cruciferae, Brassicaceae): structure of the genus and list of species

The taxonomic position of Camelina, as well as its intrageneric structure, are still not very well understood. At the same time, the structure of fruits and the general habit of plants undoubtedly show that essentially this genus is a single group of species. For the entire time of analyzing the diversity of the genus, no one questioned its integrity and no one tried to divide this genus into several. Only in the 18th century, three Camelina species, namely С. sativa, С. alyssum and С. foetida, were attributed to the genus Myagrum as M. sativum, M. alyssum and M. foetidum J. — P. Bergeret (Linnaeus, 1753; Miller, 1768) following the opinion of C. Bauhin (1623). Almost at the same time, however, H. J. N. Crantz (1762) proposed to separate the genus Camelina consisting of only one species, i. e., C. sativa (L.) Crantz., from the genus Myagrum.

This article presents a new generic system of Camelina and the full species composition (18 species and their 22 synonyms). It is noted that the main area of the genus and its species origin was South-West Asia, and Europe can be regarded as the secondary area of diversity, where not only such natural species as C. pilosa, C. sylvestris, C. neglecta and C. microcarpa were formed, but also a number of cultivated ones, like C. sativa, C. linicola and C. alyssum. The work offers the most complete taxonomic typing and citations for typical herbarium materials.

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