During the floristic research in the Emirate of Fujairah (United Arab Emirates, UAE) in 2017–2022, we found species that complement the flora of vascular plants in the Emirate and the UAE as a whole. The article provides data on 15 new ergasiophygophytes – cultivated and running wild plant species, alien to the Emirate of Fujairah: Livistona chinensis (Jacq.) R. Br. ex Mast., Livistona rotundifolia (Lam.) Mast., Washingtonia filifera (Linden ex André) H. Wendl. Ex A. de Bary (Arecaceae), Handroanthus impetiginosum (Mart. ex DC.) Mattos, Spathodea campanulata Beauv., Tabebuia heterophylla Britt., Tabebuia rosea DC., Tecoma × smithii W. Watson, Tecoma stans (L.) Kunth (Bignoniaceae), Canna indica L. (Cannaceae), Carica papaya L. (Caricaceae), Combretum indicum L., Conocarpus erectus L. var. sericeus Griseb., Conocarpus lancifolius Engl. & Diels and Terminalia catappa L. (Combretaceae). Also, most of these species have never been previously listed in the Arabian flora as adventive species.

The paper presents descriptions of three new botanical varieties of the type subspecies of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf. subsp. durum), namely Triticum durum subsp. durum convar. durum subconvar. muticum (Orlov) Dorof. et Filat. var. muticomelanopus Lyapun.; T. durum Desf. subsp. durum convar. caucasicum (Dorof.) Dorof. var. cauafricanum Lyapun.; and T. durum Desf. subsp. durum convar. caucasicum (Dorof.) Dorof. var. muticocauafricanum Lyapun.). Also, three new forms are described: T. durum Desf. subsp. durum convar. durocompactum Flaksb. var. rubrinigrum (Stol.) Dorof. et Filat. f. tristerubrinigrum Lyapun.; T. durum Desf. subsp. durum convar. falcatum (Jakubz.) Dorof. et Filat. var. falcatileucomelan Dorof. et Filat. f. tristefalcatileucomelan Lyapun.; and T. durum Desf. subsp. durum convar. caucasicum (Dorof.) Dorof. var. caumelanopus Lyapun. f. tristecaumelanopus Lyapun.). The nomenclatural types of new taxa have been transferred to the Herbarium of Cultivated Plants of the World, their Wild Relatives and Weeds (WIR).

The law of homologous series in variation has important significance for disclosing the potential hereditary variability in plants. The use of the law in studies of cucurbit cropcollections, hybrid populations, mutants, and breeding lines made it possible to discover valuable and previously unknown forms of watermelon, muskmelon and different squash species for their use in practical breeding. For example, these are bushy and short vine forms for breeding cultivars suitable for mechanized cultivation. This work resulted in creating cultivars of bushy watermelon ‘Svaytoslav’, short vine watermelon ‘Podarok Solntsa’, bushy Cucurbita pepo L. ‘Kustovaya oranzhevaya’ and Cucurbita maxima Duch. ‘Kustovaya Zolotaya’, ‘Malyshka’, and ‘Matrieschka’, short vine Cucurbita maxima Duch. ‘Lechebnaya’ and Cucurbita moschata Duch. ex Poir ‘Mariya’, and also of a short vine muskmelon ‘Stanislava’. The mentioned cultivars have been included in the State Register of Selection Achievements. Watermelon genetic marker lines with the nonlobed (entire) leaf (TsL), namely TsL 656, TsL 662, TsL 784, TsL 752, have been identified and used for crerating entire leaf cultivars ‘Blagodatnyi’, ‘Lubimchik’, and ‘Krasavchik’. A watermelon cultivar ‘Surpriz’ with high quality, delicately colored bright yellow flesh, and cultivar ‘Solyaris’ with fruits combining yellow color of rind with yellow flesh, have been created for cultivation by amateur gardeners. Of interest is an ornamental form of watermelon with yellow-green mosaic leaf and bright yellow fruits (the yellowgreen bushy line) ZhZKL 870, as well as the yellow-green muskmelon line ZhZL 487 and yellow-green pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) line ZhZL 692. Bushy lines KL 648, KL 652 and short vine KPL 648, KPL 652 of pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) have been created. Improved female lines (ZhL) of muskmelon (ZhL 415, ZhL 421, ZhL 423, and ZhL 427) have been identified for heterosis breeding. It follows from the above that the law in question found practical application in breeding cucurbit crops.

The year 2022 marks the 130th anniversary of the birth and the 60th anniversary of the death of one of the most remarkable directors of a large number of botanical scientific institutions, Pavel Aleksandrovich Baranov. His life was devoted to the creation and development of the Central Asian State University (SAGU), the Botanical Institute of SAGU, the Pamir Biological Station and the Pamir Botanical Garden in Khorog, the Main Botanical Garden of the USSR Academy of Sciences, the Central Asian Branch of the All-Union Institute of Plant Industry, etc. He has been a passionate fighter against Lysenkoism and propagandized advances in genetics.